Steam-generator



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B; BRAZBLLE. Steam Generator.

Patented April 19,1881.

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Steam Generator. No; 240,299. Patented April 19,1881.

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Patented April 19,1881.

B. BRAZELL'E. Steam Generator.

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I SteamfGenerator.

1 No. 240,299. Patented April 19, .1881.

w a i 3/] g ll l Il UNITED STATES PAT NT eaten.

BENJAMIN BRAZELLE, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

STEAM-G EN ERATO R.

SPEGIFICATION'forming part of Letters Patent No. 240,299, dated April 19, 1881.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN BRAZELLE,

of St. Louis, in the county of St. Louis and State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Generators, of which improvements the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a steam-generator of strong and simple construction, in the operation of which a constant, rapid, and thorough circulation of water shall be effected, the volume of contained water relatively to a given amount of heatingsurface be reduced, the tendency to foaming be diminished, and the production of drier steam correspondingly insured, and the economization of fuel be promoted by the utilization, as far as may be, of the heat of the escaping products of combustion.

To this end my improvements consist in the combination of a cylindrical shell closed at both ends and adapted to be located above a furnace, a fire tube or tubes traversing said shell, and a steam-receptacle located within the shell below the water-level; also, in the combination, with a cylindrical shell having closed ends, of a series of fire-tubes traversing said shell, a steam-chamber located within said shell below the water-level, and a series of water-tubes; also, in the combination, with afurnace having an upwardly-projecting throat or outlet for the products of combustion, of a vertical shell inclosing steam and water receptacles, a fire tube or tubes traversing said shell, and a return flue or flues opening into the furnace below the level of its throat or outlet. The improvements claimed are hereinafter more fully set forth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical central section through a steamgenerator embodying my improvements; Fi 2, a horizontal section, on an enlarged scale, through the same at the line 0000 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a vertical central section through the furnace,taken at right angles to Fig. 1; Fig. 4, a View in elevation of the same; Fig. 5, a plan View of the same with the ash-pit door in section; Fig. 6,ahorizontal section through the furnace-casing at the center of the firedoor; Figs. 7 and 8, vertical central sections, showing modified forms of myimprovements;

Application filed September 1, 1860. (No model.)

and Figs. 9 and 10, horizontal sections through the same at the lines y 3 of Fig. 8 and z z of Fig. 9, respectively.

To carry out my invention I provide a cylindrical shell, A, of iron or steel plate, which is closed at top and bottom by flanged heads 'a a, the lower of which, a, is preferably placed a short distance above the lower end of the shell, as in Figs. 1 and 8, to form a combustion-chamber, and in such case is usually connected to an inner ring, a which is united at bottom to the shell by a bar or a plate of F1- section in the ordinary manner. The shell A is located above and supported upon a cylindrical furnace, B, provided with a grate, b, fire-door b, ash-pit b and ash-pit door b and having a suitable lining of fire-brick or other non-conducting.material. The heads a and a. are connected by a series of fire-tubes, a through which the products of combustion pass to the uptake at, to which is connected an exit-flue, a, provided with a damper, a Flanged circular heads a a are riveted to and made steam-tight with the shell A between the heads a a, thereby dividing the shell into an upper and a lower water-chamber, the upper portionof the former constituting a steamspacc, as in the ordinary vertical tubular boiler, and the space between the heads a a less that portion thereof which is occupied by the tubes, forming a separate steam-chamber, A, below the normal water-line ot' the generator, said chamber communicating with the steam-space A in the upper water-chamber, above the water-line, by a central steam-pipe, a, which is open at both ends and passes steam-tight through the upper'head, a of the steam-chamber A, from a point near the top of the steam-space A to the lower portion of the chamber A. The headsa a" of the steamchamber A are connected by a series of water-tubes, a, each surrounding and concentric with one of the fire-tubes a so that an annular water-space is formed between each firetube and its encircling water-tube, and a series-of return water-tubes, a connects the heads a a the return-tubes being arranged in a circle about the series of fire-tubes, and between the same and the shell A. A pipe, A connected to the shell at the upper portion of the, steam-space A and below the lower head, a serves for the attachment of a glass water-gage, A steam-gage A and gagecocks. Steam is supplied to the engine from a pipe, A communicating by connections A A with the steam-space A and steam-chamber A, and furnished with a valve or cock,A by means of which steam may be taken from either receptacle, as desired. A suitable safetyvalve, A is connected to the pipe A", and pipes A A are connected to the lower portion of the shell for the attachment, respectively, of check and blow-off valves for the supply and discharge of water to and from the generator.

In the modifications shown in Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive, the internal steam-chamber, A, is an annular vessel located within the waterspace and surrounding a single fire-tube, Figs.

7 and 9, or a series of fire-tubes, Figs. 8 and 10, and having a free circulation of water around, above, and below it, the water passing downward on its outer and upward on its inner side, as indicated by the arrows. The vessel A is closed at top and open at bottom, and its outer wall projects downwardly below the inner, forming a deflecting-ring, which is interposed between the opening of the chamber and the downwardly-moving currents of water, between the exterior thereof and the shell. The steam from the chamber A passes out continuously under the edge of the shorter inner wall to the steam-space A whence it is supplied to the engine, and its place is supplied by accretions of steam generated from the water passing around and under the outer wall.

My improvements, so far as hereinbefore set forth, are capable of use with a furnace of the ordinary description and a direct draft, but are especially designed and adapted for the greater economization of fuel by their combination with means for utilizing heat which would otherwise pass directly from the upper ends of the fire-tubes to the chimney. To this end I provide a circular throat or outlet, B, for the products of combustion, said throat extending up to or slightly above the bottom of the shell A, and communicating through the combustion-chamber at the lower end of the shell with an annular passage, B surrounding the throat, said passage being connected by a return flue or fines, B with the uptake a The connection of the return-flue B with the passage B must be below the top or opening of the throat B, which requirement will be answered either by extendingthe throat upwardly, as in Figs. 7 and 8, or by forming a downward extension of the shell or its bottom water-space ring, as in Fig. 1. A series of arms or projections in the passage B radiating from the central throat, B, supports the generator in proper relation to the throat B without interrupting communication between the throat, the annular passage, and the return-fines. The return-fines B may be either within or external to the shell A, as preferred, and in Figs. 1 and 2 a single annular returnflue is shown, the same being formed between the shell and a concentric cylindrical casing, B, connected at top to the uptake a and at bottom to the periphery of the annular passage B In Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive, a series of tubular return-fines is arranged within the shell A, extending from one head thereof to the other, similarly to the direct-draft fire-tubes.

In operation a constant and rapid circulation is induced by the action of the heat upon the Water in the annular spaces surrounding the fire-tubes (6 ,1116 currents ascending through said spaces and descending through the return water tubes of. The steam generated passes into the upper steam-space, A and thence through the pipe a into the steamchamber A, in which, it will be seen, it is entirely out of contact with the water, and is further subjected to the superheating action of the return flue or flues B In addition to the provision of superior facilities for circulation, a capacious reservoir of dry steam is substituted for the unduly large water-space existing in vertical tubular boilers of the ordinary construction, materially reducing the volume of contained water as compared therewith and correspondingly facilitating the free and rapid generation of steam; The thorough circulation also prevents accumulation of scale or deposit in the tubes, and the provision of a separate steam-chamber effectually obviates foaming, even with an exceptionally high water-level. The effect of the upwardly-projectin g throat of the furnace, in connection with the surrounding annular passage, is to create an upward draft through said passage, inducing a downward draft through the return-fines which open thereinto, and correspondingly rendering available the heat of products of combustion, which would otherwise escape unutilized into the chimney.

I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a cylindrical shell closed at both ends, a fire tube or tubes traversing said shell, and a steam-receptacle located within the shell and surrounding the fire tube or tubes below the water-level, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a cylindrical closed-ended shell, a series of fire-tubes traversing said shell, a steam-chamber located within said shell below the waterline, and a series of water-tubes traversing said steam-chamber, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, in a steam-generator, of an upper and a lower water-chamber, a series of fire-tubes traversing said chambers, a series of water-tubes connecting said chambers, each forming an annular water-passage around one of the fire-tubes, and a series of return water-tubes, each presenting its entire cross section for the passage of water from one to the other chamber, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a cylindrical closed-ended shell, a steamchamber having its upper and lower walls formed by two flanged heads secured to the shell below the water-level, a series of fire- -tubes connecting the heads of the cylindrical shell, a series of Water-tubes connecting the heads of the steam-chamber, each surrounding one of the fire-tubes and presenting an annular section for the passage of water, a series of return-tubes connecting the heads of the steam-chamber, each open through its entire extent for the passage of water, and a pipe establishing communication between the steamchambers and the steam-space above its upper head, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, in a steam-generator, of a furnace having an upwardly-projecting throat or outlet for the products of combustion, a vertical shell inclosing steam and water receptacles and located above said furnace, a fire tube or tubes traversing said shell, and a return flue or flues communicating with the fire-tubes around the throat of the furnace furnace and below the upper level thereof,

substantially as set forth.

BENJ. BRAZELLE.

Witnesses:

SIM T. PRICE, M. H. HOLZMAN. 

